Sunday, October 18, 2020
Coronavirus (Covid-19) Disease: All you need to know about 2020 pandemic
Covid-19 
21st century's most severe disease Covid19 has become the matter of concern. So far around 41 millions people worldwide have affected with the virus and more than 1.1 millions people have been dead just because of this novel coronavirus. Novel Coronavirus belongs to the family of SARS Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory System) which was spread in 2003, worldwide.
Origin 
In Nov 2019, the people of Wuhan City of Eastern China started falling ill with pneumonia like symptoms. Earlier it was considered pneumonia as whatever the symptoms patients there were showing, belonged to pneumonia but the transmission rate of it is very high.
Li Wenliang, an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital warned his ex-medical school classmates on 30th Dec 2019 that he noticed several patient with SARC like illness. After further examination of the patients by the doctors, it was found that it is a Novel Coronavirus. Then it was given the name severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) by International Committee on Taxonomy of Virus (ICTV) and the disease will be known as COVID-19, the name which was provided by World Health Organization (WHO).
Symptoms
Gradual assessment and research on the covid-19 affected patients are helping doctors to understand it extensively. Based on this research and assessment, the doctors are able to understand that the virus takes 2 to 14 days for the incubation after the virus enters the body. In this period the patient may have the following symptoms:
Common symptoms
- Fever
- Tiredness
- Cough
Fever and Cough are also common in flu but Covid-19 and flu can be differentiated by the order of the symptoms. According to the study conducted by the University of Southern California, it is suggested that in most covid-19 infected people fever is the early sign of symptoms and cough afterward while in flu it is cough which starts with the infection.
Some other less severe Symptoms
- Aches and Pains
- Running Nose
- Sore Throat
- Diarrhea
- Conjunctivitis
- Rashes on Skin or Discolouration of Finger or Toes
- Loss of Taste
- Loss of Smell
Although the early sign of Covid-19 is fever and some other symptoms which are mentioned above, they are identical and could be confusing with other illnesses. Due to this reason, it is hard to identify Covid-19. The two unique symptoms, loss of smell and loss of taste are most appropriate to identify the disease according to the study conducted by the University College of London (UCL) and published in PLOS Medicine. In this case one should immediately isolate oneself and seek medical help.
Severe Symptoms
- Difficulty in Breathing or Shortness of Breath
- Chest Pain or Pressure
- Loss of Speech and Movement
- Bluish Lips and Face
If you have any of the above mentioned symptoms, you should immediately seek emergency medical attention.
Some people do not have symptoms and carry viruses. There is debate on the number of asymptomatic cases and recently the World Health Organization (WHO) claimed that nearly 10 percent of the world population has been infected with the Covid-19. While in India 80 percent of reported cases are asymptomatic.
Complication
Critically infected patients who require not only immediate medical assistance but also continuous observation under the supervision of medical staff. These patients may develop any of the following serious illnesses which in some cases, lead the patient to death.
- Pneumonia or shortness of Breath
- Abnormal heart beat due to the Myocarditis and sometime heart failure
- Kidney Failure
- Malfunction of Lever
- Blood Clotting
- Septic Shocks
- Many Organ Failure
- Affects on Reproductive System
- Affect on Neurological System
- Immune System Disorder
- Certain heart illness like Cardiomyopathy
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)
- Cancer
- Weaken Immune System
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Chronic Kidney Disease
Age is another factor that deteriorates the condition of the patient and makes the illness severe. It is observed that patients who are in their fifty and above are at higher risk and mortality rate among them increase as the age group of the patient goes up.
Transmission
The only way the coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) transmitted, is through the respiratory droplets. These respiratory droplets come from the infected person when he exhales, sneezes, coughs and even when he sings and shouts and sometimes when he talks loudly.
There are three ways when these respiratory droplets reach into the body of a healthy person and infect him:
Contact Transmission: When a healthy person comes into contact with either the infected person or the contaminated items like the lift's button and doors etc.
Droplet Transmission: When a healthy person comes in close contact (less than 6 feet) with the infected person.
Airborne Transmission: Some of the recent study conducted by the CDC claimed that Novel Coronavirus is airborne which means the virus can remain suspended in the air for many hours and can spread widely rather than earlier considered 6 feet from the infected person.
Although we could not stop the virus from spreading, we can prevent it by taking following precautions:
- Wash or sanitize our hands frequently.
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hand.
- Always maintain a minimum 6 feets distance from others.
- Always cover your mouth and nose with a mask whenever you go out.
- Avoid unnecessary travelling.
- Avoid mass gathering.
- Isolate himself from others for a while even from his family members.
- Keep all your daily usable items like towels etc. separately.
- Avoid moving outside from the isolated place.
- Sanitize objects that you use frequently.
- Cover your mouth and nose with a mask.
Diagnosis 
There are three tests that are widely considered to diagnose covid19. Although these tests are imperfect, yet they are best at this time when time, effectiveness and price are considered. These tests are:
Antibody Test (Rapid Test): This test is also known as serology test. In this test blood sample of the patient is taken to find if the body makes antibodies against the covid-19. These antibodies suggest that the patient has or had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the body is making antibodies against it but it does not tell if the patient will have antibodies against the virus in the future. The antibodies can remain in the body for months so it can’t be identified when the body is infected with the virus.
Antigen Test: In this test a throat or nose swab is taken from the patient. Through this swab doctors check for the protein which is found on the surface of the virus. This test does not require intensive labor. There might be a possibility of false negative if the medical staff does not take swabs from deep in the nose or throat. False negative also possible if you go for a test within 2 days after infecting with the virus. It is advisable to conduct this test after 5 to 7 days of symptoms.
RT-PCR Test: A swab from deep into the nose and throat is also required in this test to find ribonucleic acid (RNA) of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Similar to the Antigen test, there is the possibility of false negative in the same manner as it is in antigen test.
Treatment
There is no approved medicine for covid-19 and experts are analyzing the current treatment which is given to the patient. This treatment is based on the condition of the patients and severity of the disease.
Patients with mild symptoms are advised to isolate themselves at home and stay away from the other people and even family members. They are advised to take complete rest and plenty of fluids.
To overcome other illnesses which are associated with covid-19 like fever and sore throat, doctors give supportive treatment to get relief from them. For high temperature doctors prescribe either paracetamol or ibuprofen.
Medicines and their effectiveness 
Remdesivir: Remdesivir is antiviral medication that was primarily developed to treat hepatitis C, Ebola and the disease related to Marburg virus but it did not show effectiveness on these diseases but throughout covid-19 outbreak when it was tested against the SARC-CoV-2, it performed well. It helps in stopping the virus from replication. According to a study conducted by New England Journal of Medicine on 1062 patients, it showed that it reduced the recovery time by 5 days and for the patients on oxygen supports reduced the recovery time by 7 days.
Favipiravir: Favipiravir is anti-influenza medicine which was developed by Toyama Chemical and is primarily used in Japan to treat influenza. It helps in inhibiting polymerase of RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 and reduces virus load in the lung which helps in virus transmission through direct contact.
Dexamethasone: Dexamethasone is a steroid and widely used to treat a number of diseases like asthma, allergy and to the patients with eye pain after the eye surgery. Throughout covid-19 clinical trials, it was found that Dexamethasone helped in reducing the death rate by one-third in severely affected covid-19 patients. But if it is given to the patient with mild symptoms or too early, it could hamper the body immune system’s fighting against the virus.
The following medicines were gone through medical trials throughout this covid-19 crisis but did not show their effectiveness and now the use of most of them to treat covid-19 patients are abandoned.
- Hydroxychloroquine
- BCG Vaccine
- Ivermectin
- Oseltamivir
- Lopinavir / Ritonavir
- Interferon
- Tocilizumab
- Zinc Tablets
- Vitamin C & D Tablets
Plasma Transfusion: Many countries across the globe are using plasma transfusion therapy also to treat covid-19 patients. Plasma from the patients who have generated the antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 is taken and infused in the body of the patients who are affected with the virus. Study is under way to get all its ins and outs of it.
Ayurvedic Treatment: There are many claims to treat the covid-19 patients especially by the coronil from the yog teacher Baba Ramdev, but there is still need data of their study to support their claim.
Note: Medicines and its doses are only prescribed by the doctors according to the condition of the patients. One should never rely on self-medication as it may aggravate your illness and sometimes could have side-effects.
Vaccine
The whole world is working tirelessly to develop a vaccine to fight against covid-19. There are almost 200 candidates according to the WHO’s report. 156 of vaccines are in preclinical trials and around 40 are in clinical trials. The five of them are leading the race and in the most advanced stage which are mentioned below:
- AZD1222, by Oxford University and AstraZeneca from United Kingdom
- mRNA-1273, by Moderna from United States of America
- BNT162b1, by BioNTech from Germany and Pfizer from US
- Adenovirus Type 5 Vector by CanSino Biological Inc. / Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, from China
- CoronaVac, by Sinovac from China
Monday, September 28, 2020
तीन कृषि अधिनियम और किसानो का आंदोलन
नया कृषि अधिनियम
आवश्यक वस्तु के 1955 के अधिनियम के अनुसार, भारत सरकार कृषि उत्पादों के उत्पादन, आपूर्ति और वितरण के साथ-साथ व्यापार और वाणिज्य को नियंत्रण में ले सकता है जिनकी उपलब्धता और बाजार कीमत में अस्थिर आ जाये। लेकिन नए संशोधन के अनुसार भारत सरकार इसमें निम्नलिखित बदलाव लायी है:
- अनाज, दालें, खाद्य तेल, तेल, आलू और प्याज सहित ऐसे खाद्य पदार्थों की आपूर्ति को भारत सरकार द्वारा तभी नियंत्रित किया जा सकता है जब कुछ असाधारण परिस्थितियों जैसे युद्ध, अकाल, प्राकृतिक आपदा और कीमत में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि आ जाये।
- केवल मूल्य वृद्धि के मामले में स्टॉक सीमा को नियंत्रित किया जाएगा और इसके लिए आदेश केवल निम्नलिखित शर्तों के तहत जारी किया जा सकता है
- यदि जल्दी खराब होने वाले खाद्य पदार्थ जैसे फल एवं सब्जियों की बाजार कीमत 100 प्रतिशत बढ़ जाती है।
- यदि खाद्य पदार्थों जैसे अनाज और दालें की बाजार कीमत 50 प्रतिशत बढ़ जाती है।
- कीमतें स्थिर करने लिए 12 महीने के बाद या 5 साल के औसत कीमत जो भी कम होगी, पर विचार किया जायेगा
- भंडारण सीमा को स्थिर करने के लिए कोई भी आदेश प्रोसेसर और मूल्य श्रृंखला प्रतिभागियों पर लागू नहीं होगा यदि उनके कारखानों की भंडारण क्षमता, वस्तु की प्रसंस्करण क्षमता से अधिक नहीं है और निर्यातकों के मामले में अगर भंडारण क्षमता उनके निर्यात की क्षमता से अधिक नहीं है।
- सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली (पीडीएस) या लक्षित सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली (टीपीडीएस) स्टॉक सीमा आदेश के दायरे में नहीं आएगी।
नियम
- कोई भी व्यापारी भारत के किसी भी राज्य में अनुसूचित कृषि उत्पादों का व्यापार कर सकता है। उसके लिए उसके पास एक स्थायी खाता संख्या (PAN) होनी चाहिए। वह व्यापार को आसान बनाने के लिए एक व्यापारिक क्षेत्र में एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक ट्रेडिंग और लेनदेन मंच भी स्थापित कर सकता है लेकिन इन प्लेटफ़ॉर्म को नियमों और दिशानिर्देशों का पालन करना होगा।
- यदि व्यापारियों द्वारा इलेक्ट्रॉनिक ट्रेडिंग के संबंध में कोई अनियमितता की जाती है तो सरकार सख्त कारवाही कर सकती है और कड़े नियम बना सकती है।
- किसी भी राज्य सरकार को किसानों, व्यापारी या किसी भी इलेक्ट्रॉनिक ट्रेडिंग पर किसी भी तरह का शुल्क लगाने का अधिकार नहीं है।
- वर्तमान एपीएमसी (APMC) जारी रहेगा और किसी भी राज्य के एपीएमसी अधिनियम और राज्य के अन्य कानून को फिलहाल लागू किया जाएगा।
विवाद का समाधान
- किसान और व्यापारी के बीच किसी भी विवाद के मामले में, वे एसडीएम (SDM) को एक आवेदन दायर करके समाधान की गुज़ारिश कर सकते हैं। वह उनके मामले को समझौता समिति (Conciliation Board) को भेजेंगे।
- समझौता समिति में एक अध्यक्ष और सदस्य दो से कम नहीं और चार से अधिक नहीं होंगे।
- यदि दोनों पक्ष तीस दिनों के भीतर अपने विवाद को हल करने में असमर्थ हैं, तो वे उप-विभागीय मजिस्ट्रेट (SDM) से संपर्क कर सकते हैं जो प्रावधानों के किसी भी उल्लंघन का संज्ञान लेकर कार्रवाई करने और विवाद को निपटाने के आदेश देगा।
- कोई भी पक्ष इस मामले में दीवानी अदालत का दरवाजा नहीं खटखटा सकता है और अनुविभागीय प्राधिकरण (Sub-Divisional Authority) के सभी आदेश दीवानी न्यायालय के समान होंगे।
- कोई भी व्यक्ति जो किसी आदेश से संतुष्ट नहीं है, वह 60 दिनों के भीतर अधिकारी से संपर्क करेगा जो की भारत सरकार के संयुक्त सचिव के पद से नीचे के पद का न हो यदि वह ऐसा करने में असक्षम होता है तो उसे 90 दिनों में भी अदिकारी से संपर्क कर सकता है पर उसे इस मामले में देरी का कारण बताना होगा।
जुर्माना
- यदि कोई पक्ष प्रावधानों का उल्लंघन करता है, तो वह 25000 / - कम से काम रुपये के दंड का भुगतान करने के लिए उत्तरदायी होगा जो कि 5,00,000 / - रुपये तक बढ़ सकता है। यदि किसी भी पक्ष ने उल्लंघन जारी रखा, तो जुर्माना प्रत्येक दिन के लिए 5,000/- रुपये लगाया जा सकता है।
- यदि कोई व्यक्ति जो इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स ट्रेडिंग और लेनदेन प्लेटफॉर्म का मालिक है, उसे नियंत्रित करता है या संचालित करता है, और धारा 5 और 7 के प्रावधान का उल्लंघन करता है तो दंड का भुगतान करने के लिए उत्तरदायी होगा जो की काम से काम 5,000 /- और अधिकतम 10 लाख तक हो सकता है।
नियम
- किसान किसी भी व्यावसायिक संघ के साथ अपनी कृषि उत्पादन के लिए सप्लाई, उत्पादन की गुणवत्ता, कीमत और कृषि सेवाएं(कृषि सेवांए वह होती है जिसमे बीज खाद, कीटनाशक और खेती की मशीनें मुहैया कराइ जाती है) का समझौता कर सकता है।
- कृषि-व्यवसाय कंपनियों, प्रोसेसर या किसी भी बड़े खुदरा विक्रेताओं के अधिकारों का शोषण नहीं किया जाएगा।
- समझौते की न्यूनतम अवधि एक फसल का मौसम और अधिकतम अवधि पांच साल हो सकती है।
- केंद्रीय सरकार किसानों को समझौते में प्रवेश करने के लिए दिशानिर्देश और मॉडल कृषि समझौता प्रदान कर सकती है।
- खेत की उपज की कीमत समझौते में उल्लिखित की जाएगी और अगर कीमत कृषि उपज की प्रक्रिया के दौरान बदलती है तो एक गारंटी मूल्य + अतिरिक्त राशि किसान को दी जाएगी, बशर्ते कि गारंटीकृत कीमत और अतिरिक्त राशि खोजने का एक तरीका अनुबद्ध किया जाएगा।
- प्रायोजक बीज उत्पादन के मामले में, डिलीवरी के समय स्वीकृत राशि का दो-तिहाई भुगतान करेगा और शेष राशि उचित प्रमाणीकरण के बाद, लेकिन डिलीवरी के तीस दिनों के भीतर करेगा और अन्य उत्पादन के मामले डिलीवरी के तुरंत बाद करेगा।
- राज्य सरकार भुगतान के लिए मोड और तरीके को परिभाषित कर सकती है।
- यदि कोई कृषि उत्पाद राज्य अधिनियम के अंतर्गत आता है और उसे इस अधिनियम के समझौते के तहत लाया जाता है तो उसे राज्य अधिनियम से बाहर रखा जायेगा और समझौते की अवधि के दौरान इस अधिनियम के तहत बरकरार रहेगा।
- यदि कोई कृषि उपज आवश्यक वस्तु अधिनियम, 1955 या जारी किए गए किसी भी नियंत्रण आदेश या किसी अन्य कानून में लागू होता है, तो यह इस अधिनियम के किसी भी समझौते के तहत किसान द्वारा उत्पादित किए जाने वाले किसी भी उत्पादन पर लागु नहीं होगा।
- समझौते में किसानों की भूमि को किसी भी हस्तांतरण, बिक्री, पट्टे या बंधक के अधीन नहीं किया जाएगा। यहां तक कि अगर प्रायोजक किसान की भूमि पर कोई अस्थायी या स्थायी निर्माण करता है, तो वह उसे अपने खर्च पर निकालने के लिए बाध्य होगा। वह इस निर्माण को ऐसा ही छोड़ भी सकता है अगर किसान सहमत हो।
विवाद का समाधान
किसानों की चिंताएं
पूरे भारत में किसान इन अधिनियम के संबंध में विरोध कर रहे हैं। उन्हें कॉरपोरेट्स के हाथों शोषण होने का डर है। प्रत्येक अधिनियम के लिए उनकी चिंताए निम्नलिखित है:
- किसानों के पास भंडारण की सुविधा नहीं है, इसलिए उन्हें अपनी उपज जल्द से जल्द बेचनी होगी।
- यह अधिनियम जमाखोरी को प्रोत्साहित करेगा। यह कृषि उपज जमा करने के लिए व्यापारी दलों को खुली छूट देगा जिससे न केवल उत्पादन की कीमत की मार्किट में वृद्धि होगी, बल्कि इससे ब्लैक मार्केटिंग भी होगी।
- किसान न केवल उत्पादक हैं बल्कि वे उपभोक्ता भी हैं। इसलिए वे मूल्य वृद्धि से बुरी तरह प्रभावित हो सकते हैं।
- व्यापारी दल मूल्य के साथ अपनी मर्ज़ी से छेडछाड कर सकते है। इसे कम कर सकते हैं जब उन्हें किसानों से इसे खरीदना होगा और बढ़ा सकते है जब वह इसे बाजार में उपभोक्ता को बेचेंगे। प्याज के निर्यात पर हालिया प्रतिबंध इसके बारे में संदेह पैदा करता है।
- चूंकि छोटे किसान अपनी मुख्य भूमि से बहुत दूर नहीं जा सकते थे, इसलिए वे अपनी उपज को स्थानीय स्तर पर बेचने के अलावा कुछ नहीं कर सकते।
- एमएसपी (MSP)एक और चिंता का विषय है। सरकार ने विधेयक में इसका आश्वासन नहीं दिया। किसान चिंतित हैं कि भविष्य में इसे समाप्त किया जा सकता है।
- एमएसपी के बिना उन्हें अपने उत्पाद को अपने आसपास के क्षेत्र में उपलब्ध मूल्य पर ही बेचना होगा।
- खुले बाजार में एपीएमसी (APMC) धीरे धीरे विघटित हो जायेगी और फिर कॉर्पोरेट बाजार को हतिया कर उत्पादन की कीमतों के साथ मनमर्ज़ी खिलवाड़ करेंगे।
- किसान विशेष रूप से छोटे किसान कानूनी प्रक्रिया का ध्यान नहीं रख सकते थे और कॉर्पोरेट इससे उनका शोषण कर सकते है।
विशेषज्ञ की राय
कांग्रेस और कुछ विपक्षी दलों का रुख
आरोप
समाधान
Friday, September 25, 2020
New Farm Bills 2020 Explained: All About the 3 Farm Bills and Farmers Protest
New Farm Acts
1. THE ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES (AMENDMENT) ORDINANCE, 2020
2. THE FARMERS’ PRODUCE TRADE AND COMMERCE(PROMOTION AND FACILITATION) ORDINANCE, 2020
3. THE FARMERS (EMPOWERMENT AND PROTECTION) AGREEMENT ON PRICE ASSURANCE AND FARM SERVICES ORDINANCE, 2020.
Although these ordinances could lapse after 6 weeks of next reassembly of parliament, they were reintroduced in parliament in form of bills. Both the houses have passed them and now they have become acts. Let’s understand what these acts are:
1. The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act 2020:
- The supply of such foodstuffs including cereals, pulses, edible oilseed, oil, potato and onion may be regulated only when some exceptional circumstances like war, famine, natural disaster and remarkable rise in the price.
- The stock limits will be regulated only in case of price rise and the order for the same may be issued only under the following conditions:
- If the retail price of the perishable foodstuffs increases 100 percent.
- If the retail price of the non-perishable foodstuffs increases 50 percent.
- The price immediately after 12 months or the average of 5 years whichever is lower, will be considered for stabilizing.
- Any order for stabilizing the stock limit will not be applicable to processors and value chain participants if the stocking capacity of their plant or factory, does not exceed the processing capacity of the commodity and in case of exporters if the stock does not exceed their demand for the export.
- The Public Distribution System (PDS) or Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) will not come under the purview of stock limit order.
Structure of This Act
- Any trader can trade in scheduled agricultural produce in any state of India. For the same he should have a permanent account number (PAN). He may also set up an electronic trading and transaction platform in a trading area to make the trade easy but this platform should not violate the rules and regulations and should follow the guidelines.
- If any irregularity seems to be done by the traders with respect to electronic trading then govt. may take initiative and make rules.
- No state govt. has rights to levy market fee or cess on any farmer, trader or any electronic trading.
- The current APMC will continue and any state’s APMC act and other law of the State will be enforced for the time being.
- In case of any dispute between farmer and trader, they can seek resolution by filing an application to SDM. He will refer their case to the Conciliation Board.
- The Conciliation Board shall consist of a chairperson and members not less than two and not more than four.
- If the parties are unable to resolve their dispute within thirty days, they may approach the Sub-Divisional Magistrate who takes cognizance of any contravention of the provisions and takes action and gives orders to settle the dispute.
- No party can approach the civil court in this matter and all the orders from the Sub-Divisional Authority will be at par with civil court.
- Any person aggrieved by an order may approach an officer not below the rank of joint secretary to the government of India within 60 days if somehow not able to do this he can approach the officer within 90 days but in this case he needs to give reason for the delay.
- If any party violates the provisions, shall be liable to pay a penalty of rupees not less than 25000/- and may extend to 5,00,000/- rupees. If any party continues the violation, the penalty may be levied to five thousand rupees for each day.
- If the person who owns, controls or operates an electronics trading and transaction platform, violates the provision of sections 5 and 7 shall be liable to pay a penalty which is not less than 5000/- rupees and can be extended to 10 lakhs rupees.
Structure of This Act
- A farmer may have a written agreement with terms and conditions related to the supply, quality, price and supply of farm services(farm services are those services which are required for farming and it can be seed, pesticide or machinery etc.) for his farm produce with any firm or organization.
- No rights of agri-business firms, processors or any large retailers will be exploited
- The minimum period of agreement shall be one crop season and maximum period of five years.
- The central govt. may provide the guidelines and model farming agreement for the farmers to enter into the agreement.
- The price for the farm produce will be mentioned in the agreement and if the price varies during the process of farm produce then a guaranteed price + additional amount will be given to the farmer provided that a method to find guaranteed price and additional amount shall be annexed to the farming agreement.
- The Sponsor either in case of seed production, make payment of not less than two-third of agreed amount at the time of delivery and the remaining amount after due certification, but not later than thirty days of delivery or in case of other produce make the payment at the delivery.
- The State Government may define the mode and manner for the payment.
- If a farm produce falls under the State act and is brought under the agreement of this act then it will be exempt from the State act and will remain intact under this act during the agreement period.
- If a farm produce comes under Essential Commodities Act, 1955 or in any control order issued or in any other law for the time being in force shall not be applicable to this produce if it is being produced by the farmer under any agreement of this act.
- In the agreement the land of the farmers will not be subjected to any transfer, sale, lease or mortgage. Even if the sponsor sets up any temporary or permanent structure on farmer’s land, he is bound to remove it on his own expenditure and have to restore the land in its original state. He could let this structure as it is provided the farmer (owner) is agreed upon.
Dispute Resolution
Its rules are the same as in the farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce Act 2020.
Farmers’ Concerns
All over the India farmers are protesting with respect to these acts. They are afraid of being exploited in the hand of corporates. They are worried for each of the act and have following concerns:
The Essential commodity Act
- Farmers do not have storage facilities so they have to sell their produce as soon as possible as it may perish.
- This act will encourage hoarding. It gives free hand to cartels to hoard agricultural produce which may not only increase the price of the commodity but it also leads to black marketing.
- While farmers are not only producers they are also consumers. So they could be badly affected by the price surge.
- Cartels may play with the price and reduce it when they have to purchase it from the farmers and increase it when they have to sell it in the consumer market. Recent ban on onion exports creates doubt about it.
- As the small farmers could not move far away from their own main land they can do nothing but to sell their produce locally.
- MSP is another concern. Govt. did not assure of it in the bill. Farmers are worried that in future it can be abolished.
- Without MSP they have to sell their produce at what price available in their vicinity.
- With the open market the APMC will lose ground and dissipate in near future and then corporate sectors may overtake the market and play with the price of the farm produce.
- The farmers especially small farmers could not take care of legal procedure and big corporates can have upper hand in it.
Experts Opinions
Some of the Experts and P Sainath, a journalist who writes on rural affairs and poverty one of them say that the act seems good but intention behind it seems otherwise and could affect the farmers badly. They argue that a very small farmer mainly from a tribal area who hardly produces 2 to 3 sacks of farm produce cannot survive in this open market. He even could not be able to get the MSP of its farm produce. They are in favor of modification of APMC and want to have a good storage facility for the farmer so that they can store their farm produce for the better price of the crop. They give examples of Bihar where APMC does not exist and have competitive markets but the farmers still get much lower price for their crops than Punjab and Haryana where APMC exists.
Many farmers unions support the new acts and amendment while most of them including All India Kisan Sangharsh (AIKS) and Bhartiya Kisan Sangh (BKS) which is affiliated to Rashtriay Swayamsevak Sangh are demanding a clause to add MSP which assure the basic income to the farmers.
Congress and some opposition parties’ stand
Congress and other opposition parties are fighting tooth and nail to either revoke these acts or bring some changes to make the MSP compulsory to purchase the farm produce. For the same they are boycotting Rajya Sabha and even call for Bharat Band on 25th Sep.
Allegation
Govt. argues that agitations are only held in Punjab and Haryana as the number of Arthi in these states is very big. They are commission agents. Only they are holding protests just because their existence is on the stack.Resolution
The whole protest against the 3 acts could be stopped if the govt. revokes the three laws and consolidate APMC and simultaneously it can bring the private players in making cold storage chain and modernizing farming. But it is all up to the govt. how they will persuade angry farmers.Saturday, September 12, 2020
Dengue Fever: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment , Vaccine
Dengue Fever
Causes for Dengue Fever
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Joint, Muscle and Bone pain
- Fatigue restlessness
- Pain behind eyes
- Dengue Rashes
- Swelling in glands
- Severe abdominal pain
- Frequent Vomiting
- Vomiting with Blood
- Bleeding Gums
- Rapid Breathing
Diagnosis
- Platelet Count: This test lets the doctor know the platelets' count in the body which should be in the range of 1,50,000 to 4,00,000 per micro-liter in the healthy person otherwise it goes down. Although this test gives information with respect to the illness but it does not specify the disease.
- Dengue NS1 Antigen: This test should be done within 5 days when the symptoms appear.
- Dengue RNA PCR Test: this test should be done within 5 days after appearing the symptom.
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM): This test should be done after 7 days.
- Immunoglobulin G (IgG): This test should be done after 15 days.
Prevention of dengue
- We should not let the rainy water deposit in the junk items like empty can and put the lid on water containers where mosquitoes can breed.
- In the rainy season, it is always advisable to wear a full sleeved shirt or T-shirt otherwise apply some mosquito repellents on the body.
- Use mosquito repellent at home.
- It is advisable to regularly change the water of your Air Cooler which is common in South-east Asia’s countries.
Treatment
Dengue Vaccine
